The major difference between a full bore valve and a reduced bore ball valve is as below:
For the full bore valve, the hole in the ball has the same internal diameter as the pipe, whereas a reduced bore valve has a smaller bore diameter than the internal diameter of the pipework it is on. For example, the bore size in a 4 inch full-port ball valve is 4 inch in internal bore, while the bore diameter in a reduced & standard ball valve is 3 inch in internal diameter.